Understanding Tarceva⁚ A Targeted Therapy for Lung and Pancreatic Cancer
**Tarceva**, known by its generic name **erlotinib**, is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called **tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)**. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, which broadly targets rapidly dividing cells, Tarceva works by specifically targeting a protein called **epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)**. This protein plays a crucial role in the growth and spread of cancer cells, and by inhibiting its activity, Tarceva can help to slow or stop tumor growth.
Uses of Tarceva⁚
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)⁚ Tarceva is used to treat NSCLC with specific mutations in the EGFR gene. These mutations, known as exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitutions, can be identified through an FDA-approved test. Tarceva may be used as a first-line treatment, maintenance therapy, or after other treatments have failed.
- Pancreatic Cancer⁚ Tarceva is also used in combination with gemcitabine to treat advanced pancreatic cancer.
How Tarceva Works⁚
EGFR is a protein found on the surface of many cells, including cancer cells. When EGFR is activated, it sends signals that tell the cell to grow and divide. In some cancers, the EGFR gene is mutated, leading to overactive EGFR signaling and uncontrolled cell growth. Tarceva works by blocking the activity of EGFR, preventing it from sending these growth signals. This can help to slow or stop the growth of cancer cells.
Important Information About Tarceva⁚
* Prescription Only⁚ Tarceva is a prescription medication and should only be taken under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
* Genetic Testing⁚ To determine if Tarceva is right for you, your doctor will likely order a genetic test to check for EGFR mutations in your tumor.
* Monitoring⁚ Your doctor will monitor your progress with blood tests and imaging scans to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and manage any side effects.
Potential Side Effects of Tarceva⁚
While Tarceva can be an effective treatment, it is important to be aware of potential side effects. Some of the most common side effects include⁚
* Rash⁚ A skin rash is a common side effect of Tarceva, typically occurring within the first few weeks of treatment.
* Diarrhea⁚ Diarrhea can also occur and may be severe in some cases.
* Fatigue⁚ Feeling tired or weak is another common side effect.
* Loss of appetite⁚ Some patients may experience a decreased appetite while taking Tarceva.
* Nausea and vomiting⁚ These side effects are less common but can still occur.
It’s important to discuss any side effects you experience with your doctor, as they may be able to recommend ways to manage them.
Additional Considerations⁚
* Drug Interactions⁚ Tarceva can interact with other medications, so it’s important to inform your doctor of all the drugs you are taking, including over-the-counter medications and supplements.
* Pregnancy and Breastfeeding⁚ Tarceva may harm an unborn baby or a nursing infant. It’s important to discuss with your doctor the risks and benefits of taking Tarceva if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
Conclusion⁚
Tarceva is a targeted therapy that can be an effective treatment option for certain types of lung and pancreatic cancer. However, it is important to discuss with your doctor the potential risks and benefits of this medication before starting treatment.